Bergmann DC. Cramer DC PhD. Parsons MD. Mushlin MD. Powers PhD. Groher PhD. Polin MD. Dawson DDS. Johnson PhD. Ham MD. Carlson MD PhD. Muscolino DC. Bowker MD. Okeson DMD. Coughlin MD. Eyles PhD RN. Ziessman MD. Goljan MD. Freiberg MD. McLoud MD. Huether RN PhD. Marc J. Trott MD. Gahart RN. Minneman PhD. Enjoy smart fillable fields and interactivity.
Follow the simple instructions below:. Business, tax, legal and other documents require an advanced level of compliance with the legislation and protection. Our documents are regularly updated according to the latest legislative changes. In addition, with us, all of the data you provide in the Bruce Ballenger The Curious Researcher Pdf is well-protected from leakage or damage with the help of cutting-edge file encryption.
Our platform allows you to take the entire process of completing legal papers online. As a result, you save hours if not days or weeks and eliminate unnecessary expenses. From now on, submit Bruce Ballenger The Curious Researcher Pdf from your home, place of work, and even while on the move. Experience a faster way to fill out and sign forms on the web.
Access the most extensive library of templates available. Researcher By. Bruce Ballenger bruce ballenger partner that we Genre is also a perceptual frame, The peer-reviewed science article is a genre designed something through which we look at the world that to advance scientific understanding, written for an directs or gaze at this rather than that, and in one audience of fellow experts with a shared interest way or rather than another. Taylor was working on in the topic. An infographic, about definitions of concussions, statistics on its on the other hand, is intended for a general occurrence in amateur and professional sports, and audience—non-experts who may have a passing the particularly vulnerability of some women athletes interest in the topic—and it often relies on data to the condition.
When asked to present some of this from secondary sources. The best evidence is often research as an infographic, Taylor said it forced her to presented graphically. Therefore, when you choose look at the same information in a different way. How an alternative genre for presenting your research, you could she tell a visual story, especially one that exploits need to recognize its rhetorical situation.
In other words, she had to turn whom, and in what situations? What did she see? A brain, of course, and a more closely at how slides, infographics, posters, ball, and the story—in pictures with very little text—of and photo essays each have their own rhetorical what a brain looks like when it violently collides with a purposes and affects.
Your instructor may ask you to hand in a photocopy of the exercise as a record of your journey. This is the minimalist approach. You can, of course, wait until the last minute to do this but, trust me, you will regret it. This is one step up from the basic bibliography see Figure 2. Your annotation may be a brief para- graph or more, depending on the source.
Working Bibliography: 1. Katz, Jon. Schilder, Matthijs B. Study notes that 30 percent of dogs that are given to shelters are there be- cause owners complained of behavior problems; yet only 24 percent of owners surveyed enrolled in obedience classes.
Researchers surveyed dog and cat owners and determined that the highest concern was about animals who threat- ened people, and those owners were most likely to ask for assistance and they mostly turned to the Web unless there was a charge. You might comment on what you consider the strengths of the source or its weaknesses. Is writing an evaluative bibliography more work? You bet. But ultimately you are writing your paper as you go because much of the material you generate for the bibliography can be exported right into your essay.
Your double-entry journal provides the raw material for these annotations. Your instructor will tell you what kind of bibliography you should build for this project, but at the least you should consider maintaining a basic bibliogra- phy as you go.
Sure, it can be aggravating. You needed that article! In this chapter and the last one, you were introduced to basic library search strategies, knowledge that will help give you some mastery over the university library.
All you need to know, re- ally, is that finding sources is infinitely easier. And with the growing availability of full-text PDFs of articles and e-books, you can end a session of searching with not just a citation but also the printout of the article. Browse like you do on Amazon. You will save time if you know where to look for the book you want, and so you must be familiar with how librarians organize books.
The Library of Congress system, which uses both letters and numbers, is much more common in college libraries. This is the system with which you should become most familiar.
Each call number begins with one or two letters, signifying a category of knowledge, which is followed by a whole number between 1 and 9, A decimal and one or more Cutter numbers sometimes follow.
It is sometimes helpful to simply browse those shelves for other possibilities. How much do you need to know? First, you should know that there is more than just the alphabet at work in arranging books by their call numbers, and that the call numbers tell you more than merely where books are shelved. Take for example the call number for The Curious Researcher. The call number shown in Figure 2.
This is useful to know not only because it will help you find the book, but it also might prompt you to find other, possibly more recent, books on the same subject on a nearby shelf. In Figure 2. Coming up Empty Handed? Check to see if your library has a database called the Essay and General Literature Index. Search that data- base with your keywords or subject and see if it produces something useful.
List the relevant results as instructed previously. B B22 before. B4 M before. N before Those books in the public domain i. This is a particularly rich resource for older texts, including some dating back hundreds of years. Jot down complete bibliographic information from citations you want to check out later. Keep a running list of these in your research notebook. Most college libraries have a wonderful low- or no-cost service to students called interlibrary loan.
Article Databases There are two kinds of article databases at your library: general databases that cover multiple disciplines and specialized databases that are discipline specific. The general databases cover multiple subjects, so their coverage is wide but shallow.
The specialized databases are subject specific, so their coverage is deep but narrow. For example, Academic Search Premier indexes nearly 14, magazines and journals. Increasingly, these databases include full-text articles, an extraordinary convenience for students working from home. The advantage of using these databases is that they will produce many scholarly articles that might be relevant to your research question, though they may not all be full text. For a list of some of these, see the table on page Finally, certain article databases are focused on certain types of publica- tions.
Some sites charge for this service, though you can usually request them from your campus library for free. A convenient method for searching some of these sites is to use a news search engine, which will consult thousands of pa- pers in a few seconds.
Occasionally, the local papers are also indexed online by the university library, and copies are available on microfilm. More and more frequently, how- ever, local papers, like their larger counterparts in major cities, have their own Web sites, where you can use keyword searches to scour their archives. Some of these databases allow you to mark the relevant results and then print them out.
Some databases and most university libraries also allow you to create an account and a file for your search results. Through the Web page at my library, I can save searches, build a list of books I want to check out, and even publish my bibliographies so others can see them and I can see theirs.
Finally, you can always e-mail your search results page to yourself and organize a bibli- ography on your own computer.
Exercise 2. Unlike in Web and database Choose one of the bibliographies see pages searches, in book searches it often pays off to begin — as a way of collecting relevant results. Your with broad subject terms.
I got better results, for ex- instructor may ask you to hand these in to gauge your ample, when I searched for books on theories of dog progress. Remember that online citation machines like training with animal behavior-canine than I did with bibme. For one thing, databases allow you to search by subject as well as keyword, and you can filter the results by type of publication. Library databases are also more comprehensive that Google Scholar, allowing you to a wider range of journals, magazines, and books.
And Google Scholar is often simply more convenient to use. To make the most of your searches, refine your Google Scholar search skills with some of the following techniques. Therefore, the first thing you should do is set up the preferences in Google Scholar to link to your library where access to articles is free. Click settings on the Scholar homepage. Click on library links. A page will open like the one shown. Enter the name of your school, then search.
Your university library should appear on a list. Check and save it. Cited by. To start with, this is a useful metric for evaluating the authority of an article. Typically, articles that are cited in other works is scholarship that other experts value. If you click on this link, you can see some of these other articles, some of which might be helpful to you.
Related articles. This cool feature allows you to see the formats and publication ven- ues for each Scholar result. This is particularly helpful when you want to find a version with a link to your library or a full-text copy that you can download. First, it will give you a formatted citation of an article in MLA, APA, Chicago, and several other formats that you can simply cut and paste into your working bibliography.
It also provides links to some of the more popular citation software like End- note in case you use one of those programs. For example, you can launch a search for results that contain all or at least one of your keywords. Finally, some disciplines, especially those in the sciences, value more recent publications.
Using the advanced search you can specify results limited to certain dates. I dutifully read much of her work, studied critical articles and books on her writing, and visited her childhood home, which is open to the public in South Berwick, Maine. My research was going fairly well, but when I sat down to begin writing the draft, the material seemed flat and lifeless. A few days later, the curator of the Jewett house mentioned that there was an year-old local woman, Elizabeth Goodwin, who had known the writer when she was alive.
One time, when Elizabeth lived in the Jewett house as a curator, some unseen hands pulled her back as she teetered at the top of the steep staircase in the back of the house.
This interview transformed the piece by bringing the subject to life—first for me as the writer, and later for my readers.
Ultimately, what makes almost any topic compelling is discovering why it matters to people—how it affects their lives. Doing interviews with people close to the subject, both experts and non- experts, is often the best way to find that out.
The most involved are those like my in- terview with the wife of the lobster fisher, which involved going into the field, holding an interview on site, and then doing some follow-up with the subject.
These are often the most rewarding interviews to do. But you simply may not have time for that. What are other options? The table that follows lists some types of interviews you might incorporate in your project, from the most time- consuming to the least. May require travel to May involve follow-up. Prepara- a remote location, and significant tion, including some subject preparation. Or world. E-mail interviews are even they might involve submitting easier to arrange but may involve questions by e-mail.
But might have interesting things to are friends and family really the say. These subjects are often ac- best people to interview on your cessible and willing. These will include people with ex- pertise on your research topic and people who are affected directly or indirectly by the problem.
Does she have any views on the rental crisis? What about your friend who just got evicted and is desperately looking for an affordable place to rent?
You certainly could take a trip down the Mission District, where gentri- fication is pushing out lower-income residents. Now cast a wider net. Imagine how to reach people affected by the prob- lem who you might find online. You Google your topic and find the name of a reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle who writes on the rental housing crisis in the city.
Maybe e-mail him? What about the leader of the organization that op- posed the referendum intended to confront the rental crisis? What about experts on rental affordability? Is there a faculty member at your own university who has written or spoken about it? Does your English instructor have any suggestions about colleagues you might talk to? In your research did you find a great article by a scholar at another school? Think imaginatively, brainstorming ideas. Then consider who might have the most relevant, useful things to say, who is accessible, and how much time it might take set up the interview and get a response.
Finally, make some realistic choices about how to proceed given your time constraints, including the deadline for submitting your draft. When contacting an expert for an interview, first state your name and then briefly explain your research project.
If you were referred to the subject by someone she may know, mention that. You will not only be more informed, but you will also have a clearer sense of what you want to know and what questions to ask. E-mail interview queries are often less effective than actually speaking to a potential interview subject, but e-mail is an especially appealing approach for reaching out to strangers.
Once you find the e-mail address of someone who seems a likely interview subject, proceed courteously and cautiously. It would be courteous to approach any potential interview subject with a short message that asks permission for an online interview. To do so, briefly describe your project and why you think this individual might be a good source for you.
As always, you will be much more likely to get an enthusiastic response from someone if you can demonstrate your knowledge of her work on or experience with your topic. Your follow-up message should ask a limited number of questions—say, four or five—that are thoughtful and, if possible, specific.
Keep in mind that although the e-mail interview is conducted in writ- ing rather than through talking, many of the methods for handling conventional interviews still apply.
By the end of this week, you should begin interviewing. I know. But once you start, it will get eas- ier and easier. I used to dread interviewing strangers, but after making the first phone call, I got some momentum going, and I began to enjoy it.
What Questions to Ask? Often, these questions are raised by your reading or other interviews. What theories or ideas encountered in your reading would you like to ask your subject about? What specific facts have you been unable to uncover that your interview subject may provide? Would you like to test one of your own impressions or ideas on your subject? Interviews are wonderful tools for clearing up your own confusion and getting specific information that is unavailable anywhere else.
Who are your heroes? As you develop both specific and open-ended questions, keep in mind what you know about each person—his work in the field and personal expe- rience with your topic. You may end up asking a lot of the same questions of everybody you interview, but try to familiarize yourself with any special quali- fications a subject may have or experiences he may have had. That knowledge might come from your reading, from what other people tell you about your sub- ject, or from your initial telephone call to set up the interview.
Also keep in mind the kinds of information an interview can provide better than other sources: anecdotes, strong quotes, and sometimes descriptive material. If you ask the right questions, a live subject can paint a picture of his experience with your topic, and you can capture that picture in your paper. Interviews are conversations, not surveys. They are about human inter- action between two people who are both interested in the same thing. I remember interviewing a lobsterman, Edward Heaphy, on his boat.
I had a long list of questions in my notebook, which I dutifully asked, one after the other. My questions were mechanical and so were his answers. I finally stopped, put my notebook down, and talked informally with Edward for a few minutes.
0コメント